VITILIGO TREATMENT
Vitiligo is a condition where patches of skin lose their pigment, becoming white with well-defined, irregular edges. This depigmentation can also affect hair and occasionally the eyes. Vitiligo does not cause physical discomfort, but it can have significant emotional and psychological impact.
WHO IS AT RISK OF VITILIGO?
Vitiligo affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States and can appear at any age. It affects all races and ethnicities. It is believed to be an autoimmune condition where immune cells destroy melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment. Genetic factors also seem to play a role, as there is a higher prevalence of vitiligo in some families.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF VITILIGO?
The primary symptom of vitiligo is the appearance of flat white spots or patches on the skin. The number and size of these patches can vary greatly. The condition may start small and remain limited to certain areas, or it may spread significantly. There are two types of vitiligo:
Segmental Vitiligo (Unilateral): Typically affects only one side of the body or one area, such as a leg or the face. This type may stop spreading after an initial period.
Non-Segmental Vitiligo (Bilateral or Generalized): More common and appears symmetrically on both sides of the body. It often starts on the hands, feet, or around the face and may progressively worsen.
Vitiligo is not contagious or life-threatening, but it can be life-altering due to its visible nature, potentially leading to low self-esteem and depression.
HOW CAN VITILIGO BE TREATED?
Treatment for vitiligo can be challenging, and some people choose not to treat it if it's not bothersome. For those who seek treatment, options include:
Topical Medications: Corticosteroid creams or ointments, immunosuppressant creams like Elidel and Protopic, or topical drugs like Oxsoralen.
Phototherapy: Involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light, which can be effective, especially on the face. However, it's less effective on the hands and feet.
Cosmetics: Many people use makeup, self-tanners, or skin dyes to cover depigmented areas.
Herbal Remedies: Supplements like vitamins and ginkgo biloba may help stabilize pigmentation.
In severe cases, surgical options such as skin grafts may be considered for adults with stable vitiligo. These procedures, which transfer pigmented skin to depigmented areas, are generally effective but carry risks and are reserved for those who do not scar easily.
General Care
It's crucial for individuals with vitiligo to protect their skin from sun exposure to prevent sunburn and further damage, using broad-spectrum, high SPF sunscreen regularly.
A dermatologist can provide a diagnosis and help manage treatment, including conducting a physical examination and possibly ordering blood tests to check for related autoimmune conditions.