HERPES SIMPLEX

Herpes simplex, also known as oral herpes or herpes labialis, is an infection that affects the lips, mouth, or gums. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), leading to the development of painful cold sores on the lips or fever blisters in the mouth.

WHO GETS HERPES SIMPLEX?

Oral herpes is extremely common. Many people contract the virus as infants or children, and by the age of 20, a significant majority in the United States have been exposed to HSV-1. The virus spreads easily through direct contact such as touching, kissing, and sharing personal items like razors, towels, and dishes. While HSV-1 is responsible for most cases of oral herpes, genital herpes is typically caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though HSV-2 can also cause oral infections through oral sex.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HERPES SIMPLEX?

Symptoms may appear one to three weeks after exposure, including mouth ulcers. For some, the virus remains dormant in facial nerve tissues before reactivating. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and often include cold sores or fever blisters, accompanied by itching, burning, or tingling around the mouth. Other possible symptoms are sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and difficulty swallowing. Common triggers for outbreaks include stress, illness, fever, sun exposure, and menstruation.

HOW CAN HERPES SIMPLEX BE TREATED?

Although there is no cure for herpes simplex, symptoms usually resolve on their own within one to two weeks. Symptom relief can be aided by rinsing with salt water, taking pain relievers like Tylenol, applying ice or warm compresses to the sores, or cleaning them with antiseptic soap and water. It's best to avoid spicy or acidic foods and hot drinks during an outbreak.

Preventative measures include using sunblock and lip balms with zinc oxide, not sharing eating utensils or personal items, and washing dishes, towels, and linens in hot water after use.

For severe symptoms, doctors may prescribe antiviral medications such as acyclovir, famciclovir, or valacyclovir, which are more effective if taken early during an outbreak. Antiviral creams are also available. Those who frequently experience outbreaks might need to take these medications regularly.

In cases involving infants or individuals with compromised immune systems, herpes simplex can pose serious risks, and medical consultation is crucial.