DERMATITIS TREATMENT

“Dermatitis” refers to skin inflammation. Various types include allergic contact, atopic, perioral, and seborrheic dermatitis.

WHAT IS ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS?

Allergic contact dermatitis occurs when the skin reacts to direct contact with allergens such as nickel, rubber (latex), dyes, poison ivy, and poison oak. While these substances are harmless to most people, they can cause a rash in those who are sensitive or allergic to them. The rash often appears a day or two after exposure but can start as soon as hours or as late as a week later.

Symptoms typically include redness, swelling, and water blisters, which may break, forming crusts and scales. If untreated, the skin may become dark, leathery, and cracked. Distinguishing allergic contact dermatitis from other rashes can be challenging, especially over time.

Treatment involves identifying the allergen through discussions about materials you've contacted at home or work and possibly through patch tests, where small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin for a fixed period to diagnose contact allergies.

WHAT IS ATOPIC DERMATITIS?

Atopic dermatitis, often referred to as eczema, is characterized by skin dryness, itching, and a distinct rash pattern. It affects up to 10% of children and may continue into adulthood. The cause is unknown, though many patients have a family history of related conditions like hay fever or asthma. While some cases in infants may relate to food sensitivities, most have no identifiable triggers.

The condition typically begins between two and six months of age. The rash can be extensive, involving the face or large body areas, and tends to localize as children grow. It may become leathery and darker if scratched repeatedly. Management varies with season and personal triggers, such as soap or wool. Secondary infections from bacteria, yeast, or viruses may occur, requiring specific treatments.

No definitive cure exists for atopic dermatitis, but the aim is to manage symptoms and skin dryness. Treatments include topical medications and lubricants to maintain skin moisture, possibly combined with antihistamines to reduce itching and antibiotics for secondary infections.

WHAT IS PERIORAL DERMATITIS?

Perioral dermatitis causes small red bumps around the mouth, primarily affecting young women. The exact cause is unknown, but it can arise following topical steroid use on the face. Symptoms typically include a burning sensation, and treatment often involves topical medications like metronidazole or oral antibiotics for severe cases.

WHAT IS SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS?

Seborrheic dermatitis, including dandruff in adults, appears as a scaling rash that might affect various areas like the scalp, face, or body folds. Its exact cause is unclear, though yeast overgrowth has been implicated. It is not due to diet or contagion but may fluctuate with stress or illness.

There's no cure, but symptoms can be managed with medicated shampoos, cortisone solutions, and anti-yeast medications, depending on the affected area. Treatment frequency may decrease once the condition is under control, though occasional maintenance is typically necessary. If symptoms persist despite treatment, further medical consultation is recommended.