SHINGLES

Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a painful skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. It is estimated that one in three people in the United States will develop shingles during their lifetime. This virus is different from the one that causes sexually transmitted herpes.

WHO IS AT RISK OF CONTRACTING SHINGLES?

Individuals who have had chickenpox or received the chickenpox vaccine are at risk for developing shingles. After recovering from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the body and may reactivate years later as shingles. While the exact cause of this reactivation is unclear, the risk increases with age. People over 60 years old who had chickenpox before the age of one are particularly susceptible to shingles. Younger people, including children, can also develop shingles, especially if they have weakened immune systems due to illness or medication.

Shingles is not spread through direct contact with the rash. However, people who have never had chickenpox or the vaccine can contract chickenpox (not shingles) from someone with an active shingles rash. It is possible, though rare, to have shingles more than once in your lifetime.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF SHINGLES?

Shingles typically starts as a painful rash on one side of the face or body. Blisters then form and scab over within 7-10 days, and clear up within 2-3 weeks. Before the rash appears, there may be tingling, itching, or pain in the area.

The rash usually forms a stripe on just one side of the body or face, not crossing over to the other side. In cases involving weakened immune systems, the rash might cover a larger area or even resemble chickenpox. Additional symptoms can include fever, chills, abdominal or joint pain, swollen glands, and headaches. If shingles affects facial nerves, it can cause complications such as drooping eyelids, vision problems, difficulty moving facial muscles, or loss of taste.

HOW CAN SHINGLES BE TREATED?

Shingles can typically be diagnosed with a physical exam. Prescription antiviral drugs are effective in shortening the duration of the rash, preventing complications, and alleviating pain. These medications are most effective when started within 72 hours of the onset of pain or rash.

For severe cases, antivirals may be administered intravenously. Pain relief can also be managed with analgesic medications. To alleviate itching, treatments may include wet compresses, calamine lotion, and colloidal oatmeal baths.

A shingles vaccine is available and is often recommended for older adults or those at higher risk of developing shingles, helping to prevent the condition or lessen its severity.