ECZEMA TREATMENTS

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by scaly and itchy rashes.

WHAT CAUSES ECZEMA?

Eczema stems from a hypersensitive reaction within the skin. Individuals with eczema may lack certain skin proteins, leading to increased sensitivity. Although related to allergic conditions like asthma and hay fever, eczema itself is not an allergic reaction. However, many with eczema also experience asthma or allergies and often show positive results on allergy skin tests.

WHO SUFFERS FROM ECZEMA?

Eczema primarily affects infants and young children, with 90% of cases occurring before five years of age. Symptoms can appear as early as two months old, and many individuals outgrow it by adulthood.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ECZEMA?

Eczema symptoms include redness, scaly patches, inflammation, swelling, and occasionally blisters. It can also cause bumpy skin, itchy skin, and changes in skin color. Several factors can exacerbate eczema, including:

  • Cold or dry air

  • Sudden temperature changes

  • Illnesses like colds or the flu

  • Exposure to chemicals and irritants

  • Perfumes, skin lotions, or soaps with dyes or fragrances

  • Rough materials

  • Allergens such as mold, pollen, dust mites, or animal dander

  • Stress

  • Dry skin or excessive exposure to water (through bathing or swimming)

HOW CAN ECZEMA BE TREATED?

Diagnosing eczema typically involves a physical exam and may include a skin biopsy to exclude other causes of dry or itchy skin. Allergy skin testing can also be informative.

Managing eczema primarily involves home skin care to reduce the need for medical treatments. It’s crucial to avoid scratching the affected areas. Using petroleum jelly or moisturizers formulated for sensitive skin can alleviate itching and dryness. Topical steroid creams and antihistamines may also be beneficial.

For children, keeping fingernails short can minimize scratching damage. Wearing gloves at night may prevent scratching during sleep. Using a humidifier in the bedroom can help alleviate skin dryness.

Avoiding known irritants is essential, such as wool or lanolin in clothing, strong soaps and detergents, household chemicals, stress, and abrupt temperature shifts.

Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential to tailor at-home care and consider prescriptions for severe symptoms, which might include stronger antihistamines, antibiotics, or topical immunomodulators.